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The International Medical Oncology Library
Biotechnology Definitions (A)

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Anaerobic

Votes:4 Comments:0
Anaerobic means without air, opposed to aerobic. In biochemistry, it refers to growing in the absence of air or oxigen. Some anaerobic organisms are killed by brief exposure to oxygen, whereas it may READ MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic

Amyloid

Votes:14 Comments:0
An amyloid is an insoluble fibrous protein aggregate sharing specific structural traits. Abnormal accumulation of amyloid in organs may lead to amyloidosis and may play a role in a number of neurodege READ MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyloid

Ampule

Votes:39 Comments:0
An ampule (also ampoule or ampulla) is a small, sterile vial with an airtight seal which is used to contain and preserve a single drug dose, usually a solid or liquid. Ampules are commonly made of gl READ MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampoule

Amphoteric

Votes:6 Comments:0
A substance that has both acid and base properties and is capable of functioning either as an acid or as a base. Amphoteric molecules can accept or donate protons to act as an acid or a base. READ MORE
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/amphoteric

Ampholyte

Votes:30 Comments:0
Ampholytes are molecules that contain both acidic and basic groups (and are therefore amphoteric) and will exist mostly as zwitterions in a certain range of pH. The pH at which the average charge is z READ MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwitterion

Amorphous

Votes:22 Comments:0
Having no definite or apparent shpae, form order; non-crystalline. READ MORE
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Amorphous

Amino Acids

Votes:22 Comments:0
Amino Acids are a class of more than 20 naturally occuring hydrocarbon molecules containing an amine group, a carboxylic acid group and a side chain that varies between different amino acids. These mo READ MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid

Amino acid analysis

Votes:8 Comments:0
Amino acid analysis is the hydrolysis of a protein or peptide into the individual residues (free amino acids), followed by cgromatographic seperation and UV-visible detection for analysis. Amino acid READ MORE
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/6084613-47117568/content~db=all~conte...

Alpha helix (a-helix)

Votes:33 Comments:0
A coil or spiral element, the secondary structure of proteins, the alpha helix (α-helix) is a right- or left-handed coiled conformation. READ MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_helix

Alkylation

Votes:38 Comments:0
Alkylation is the introduction by substitution, adition or transfer of an alkyl group from into an organic compound. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carba READ MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylation

Albumins

Votes:6 Comments:0
Albumins are the major plasma protein, responsible for much of the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and serving as a transport protein for large organic anions (e.g., fatty acids, bilirubin, some dru READ MORE
http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Albumins

Alanine (Ala or A)

Votes:11 Comments:0
Alanine (abbreviated as Ala or A) an α-amino acid. There are more than 20 naturally occurring amino acids. Amino acids are molecules containing an amine group, a carboxylic acid group and a side cha READ MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanine

Aggregate

Votes:16 Comments:0
A cluster or clustered mass. In biochemical sciences this refers to, for example, a cluster of protein molecules. Aggregates of cells (solid, fluffy, or pelletrized), can clog the pores of filters or READ MORE
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/aggregate

Agarose

Votes:31 Comments:0
Agarose is a polysaccharide (sugar) gelatinous substance obtained from seaweed and used as a solidifying agent (agar)in a microbial culture. It is also used in gel electrophoresis. Historically it is READ MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agarose

Affinity tag / Affinity tail

Votes:4 Comments:0
An affinity tag or affinity tail is an amino acid sequence added to a protein to facilitate purification by affinity chromatography. Affinity tags are appended to proteins so that they can be purified READ MORE
http://mcl1.ncifcrf.gov/waugh_pubs/7_Waugh.pdf

Affinity chromatography

Votes:9 Comments:0
Affinity chromatography is a chromatographic method that makes use of the specific binding of one molecule to another. It can be used in a number of applications, including nucleic acid purification, READ MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity_chromatography

Affinity

Votes:27 Comments:0
Affinity comes from the Latin verb affinis = connected with. In pharmacology, biotechnology and chemistry affinity refers to the attaction between particles or substances; relatively speaking, a measu READ MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity

Adventitious agents

Votes:38 Comments:0
Acquired, accidental contaminants in a cell line such as viruses and toxins — often infectious agents. READ MORE
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol7no3_supp/krause.htm

Adsorption

Votes:18 Comments:0
A process in which molecules in solution or suspension adhere to cells other than molecules - or to solid serfaces, such as chromatography media. Also: the collection of a substance onto the surface o READ MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adsorption

Active Starting Material

Votes:25 Comments:0
The raw or base material that is identified as directly related to the active chemical compound comprising the product, and is defined as the first stage during chemical synthesis at which part one or READ MORE
http://pharmtech.findpharma.com/pharmtech/Regulatory+Affairs/A-New-Def...

Acidic Variant

Votes:4 Comments:0
Also know as Charge Variant. A product that exibits a more negatice charge character than the primary biotherapeutic compound. READ MORE
http://www.springerlink.com/content/p6427g6580638t71/

Acetonitrile (ACN)

Votes:34 Comments:0
Acetonitrile or ACN is s chemical compound. As a sovent ACN is frequently used in High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) READ MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetonitrile

Acceptance Criteria / Testing

Votes:7 Comments:0
Numerical limits, ranges or other suitable measures for the acceptance of the results of analytical procedures which a pharmaceutical compound, substance, drug, or (raw) material needs to meet at vari READ MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceptance_testing

Accelerated Stability Tests

Votes:17 Comments:0
Accelerated Stability Tests are used to predict the long-term usability of a biotechnology product. A study may require that a product is stored under 'stress' conditions (i.e. a high temperature and READ MORE
http://biopharminternational.findpharma.com/biopharm/Quality/Assessing...

Absorption

Votes:23 Comments:0
In Biotechnology, absorption is the removal of a particular molecule from a sample by accumulation into a bound water volume which might be present in a densly fibrous material. In pharmacology (ph READ MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_(pharmacokinetics)
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